by Admin | May 4, 2021
Use-restricting Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES)A PES scheme is a transparent system for the additional provision of environmental services through conditional payments to voluntary providers (e.g., farmers or landowners) (Tacconi, 2012). See Wunder (2015) for an overview of de... More schemes rewardRemuneration for current ecological achievements (e.g. biodiversity, climate or water protection) without a necessary additionality. See also: Compensation More providers for conservation, for capping resource extraction and land development, or for fully setting aside areas, such as for protected habitats. Here, landowners are paid for their conservation-opportunity costs, plus possibly for active protection efforts against external threats (Hardner and Rice, 2002 cited by Wunder, 2005).
See also: Asset-building schemesAsset-building schemes relating to Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) aim to restore an area’s environmental services, for example (re)planting trees in a treeless, degraded landscape. Conservation-opportunity and protection ... More
References
Wunder, S., 2015. Revisiting the Concept of Payments for Environmental Servicesare the services that humans render to each other to maintain or increase certain ecosystem services (Karsenty, 2013). Environmental services are a sub-group of ecosystem services that are characterised by externalities (FAO, 2007... More. Ecological Economics 117: 234–243. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.08.016
by Admin | May 4, 2021
are cooperationSee collaboration. More models to valorise environmental public goodsPublic goods are non-rival (they cannot be exhausted) and non-excludable (there are no boundaries). An environmental example in the Contracts2.0 context is an open and beautiful landscape which can be enjoyed by one person without... More within value chains. To ensure consumer trust, companies increasingly demand greater transparency about the management and delivery of public goodsGoods where access to the good cannot be restricted and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others. See also: Environmental Public Goods More on supplier farms. Some companies even integrate biodiversity or climate indicators into their life cycle assessments or try to gain a competitive advantage through label-based contractsare contracts where consumers pay a ‘green premium’ on top of the market price for a production scheme that is certified to be environmentally friendly (Wunder, 2005). Synonym: product-based schemes See also: value chain appro... More.
by Admin | May 4, 2021
Maximum monetary amount an individual would be willing to pay in exchange for a particular good or service (Cameron & James, 1987). It can be used to describe people’s preferences, aggregated over individuals to estimate a value of the good or service, or used to estimate benefits in a cost-benefit analysis.
References
Cameron, T.A, and M.D. James, 1987. Estimating Willingness to PayMaximum monetary amount an individual would be willing to pay in exchange for a particular good or service (Cameron & James, 1987). It can be used to describe people’s preferences, aggregated over individuals to estimate a v... More from Survey Data: An Alternative Pre-Test-Market Evaluation Procedure. Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (4) 389-395. DOI: 10.2307/3151386
