Label-based contracts

are contracts where consumers pay a ‘green premium’ on top of the market price for a production scheme that is certified to be environmentally friendly (Wunder, 2005).

Synonym: product-based schemes

See also: value chain approaches

References

Wunder, S., 2005. Payments for Environmental Services: Some Nuts and Bolts. CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 42. Centre for International Forestry Research: Bogor.

Land cover

The physical coverage of land, usually expressed in terms of vegetation cover or lack of it. Related to, but not synonymous with, land use (OpenNESS glossary, 2016).

See also: Land use

Land tenure

Land tenure is an institution, i.e., rules invented by societies to regulate behaviour. Rules of tenure define how property rights to land are to be allocated within societies. They define how access is granted to rights to use, control, and transfer land, as well as associated responsibilities and restraints (FAO, 2002).

See also: Property rights

References

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2002. Land tenure and rural development. Chapter 3. What is Land Tenure? Available online (last accessed: 04/05/2021).

Land tenure approaches

such as land use obligations in combination with reduced rent, or land use rights combined with specific land stewardship obligations, are an approach specifically for long-term nature conservation objectives. Furthermore, land tenure rights define an important framework condition for all other contract-based approaches. Different types of land tenure systems (private, public, common property and hybrid property regimes) can strengthen or constrain the necessary longevity of sustainable agricultural land use practices.

Land use

The human use of a piece of land for a certain purpose such as irrigated agriculture or recreation. Influenced by, but not synonymous with, land cover (OpenNESS glossary, 2016).

See also: Land cover